FILED
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
October 24, 2007
THOMAS K. KAHN
CLERK
[PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________
No. 07-14956
Non-Argument Calendar
________________________
D. C. Docket No. 07-00295-CV-MEF-WC
DANIEL LEE SIEBERT,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
versus
RICHARD ALLEN, Commissioner,
Alabama Department of Corrections,
individually and in his official
capacity,
GRANTT CULLIVER, Warden, Holman
Correctional Facility, in his
individual and official capacity,
Defendants-Appellees.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of Alabama
_________________________
(October 24, 2007)
1 Siebert generally alleged that the State’s improper use of anesthesia as a precursor to execution
unnecessarily risks infliction of severe pain and suffering. After receiving a recent diagnosis that
he was suffering from pancreatic cancer and hepatitis C, however, Siebert filed an Amended
Complaint that encompassed the allegations of his first complaint, and added claims that painful
complications were likely to arise from the treatment or non-treatment of his recently diagnosed
illnesses.
2
Before TJOFLAT, BARKETT and WILSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Daniel L. Siebert appeals the district court’s denial of his Emergency Motion
for Preliminary Injunction to Stay Execution and moves this Court for a stay of
execution. We reverse and grant the motion to stay.
Siebert filed a § 1983 suit in the Middle District of Alabama challenging the
constitutionality of Alabama’s lethal injection protocol.1 The district judge
dismissed Siebert’s general challenge to Alabama’s lethal injection protocol,
finding that it was untimely. However, in regard to Siebert’s personal claims based
on his recently diagnosed terminal illness, the district court denied the Motion to
Dismiss.
Siebert’s initial complaint and his Amended Complaint challenged the
constitutionality of the lethal injection protocol that Alabama has had in place since
2002 – the same protocol used in every other state that administers the death
penalty. Alabama has announced that the State has somewhat modified its
procedure, and Siebert will be the first to be executed in accordance with these
As the district court noted, for a variety of reasons 2 unclear to this Court, the “State of Alabama
keeps the specifics of its lethal injection protocol secret.” Id. at 2. The district court judge
ordered that the State disclose to the court the details of the lethal injection protocol to be
followed in Siebert’s execution. Id. at 4. In compliance with that order, the protocol has been
filed with the court under seal.
3
minor changes. Apparently, the change “to the lethal injection protocol has to do
with the addition of a check of the condemned inmate for consciousness after
injection of anesthesia and before the injections of other chemicals used in the
execution.” Court Order, Oct. 17, 2007 at 4.2
The Supreme Court is presently considering the constitutionality of the
challenged lethal injection protocol in Baze v. Rees, No. 07-5439, 2007 WL
2850507 (U.S. Oct. 3, 2007). Accordingly, we REVERSE the district court’s
denial of Siebert’s Emergency Motion for a Preliminary Injunction and we STAY
his execution pending the Supreme Court’s resolution of Baze v. Rees, after which
the district court shall reconsider its decision in light of any guidance provided in
the Supreme Court’s disposition of that case.
REVERSED.
4
TJOFLAT, Circuit Judge, specially concurring:
I concur in the court’s judgment. Although I agree with the majority’s
result, it is not because of the pendency of Baze v. Rees, but because it was an
abuse of discretion for the district court to refuse to enjoin the Commissioner from
carrying out Siebert’s execution pending the court’s final disposition of his claim
that Alabama’s three-drug method of execution, as applied to him, would deny his
right under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments not to be subjected to cruel and
unusual punishment.
On October 3, 2007, the district court granted the Commissioner’s motion to
dismiss Siebert’s § 1983 claim to the extent that it mounted a general challenge to
the constitutionality of Alabama’s lethal injection protocol, finding that Siebert had
delayed unnecessarily in bringing that claim. However, the court denied the
Commissioner’s motion to dismiss Siebert’s § 1983 claim that, as applied to him
specifically, the three-drug execution method would constitute cruel and unusual
punishment in violation of the Constitution. Because the factual predicate for that
claim – namely, Siebert’s diagnosis of hepatitis C and pancreatic cancer – was not
in place until late May 2007, the court concluded that Siebert did not unreasonably
delay in bringing his claim. Noting that dismissal was also not warranted on
1 The discussion in the district court’s order of the legal analysis applicable to a motion for a
preliminary injunction indicates that the court did not consider the question of whether it should
enjoin Siebert’s execution under the All Writs Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1651(a), which provides that the
courts may “issue all writs necessary or appropriate in aid of their respective jurisdictions.” The
purpose of the Act is to allow courts “to protect the jurisdiction they already have, derived from
some other source.” Klay v. United Healthgroup, Inc., 376 F.3d 1092, 1099–1100 (11th Cir.
2004); id. at 1102 (“Regarding pending proceedings, a court may enjoin any conduct which, left
unchecked, would have . . . the practical effect of diminishing the court’s power to bring the
litigation to a natural conclusion.”) (internal quotation marks omitted).
5
statute-of-limitations grounds, the court held that this claim “survive[s] and will be
litigated.” A scheduling conference was accordingly set for October 10, 2007.
On October 9, Siebert moved the district court to enjoin his execution, which
is set for October 25, 2007. The court acknowledged that the motion was timely,
yet concluded on the basis of the “speculative” and “unsupported” allegations in
Siebert’s opening brief and initial evidentiary submissions – which primarily
consisted of a letter from a doctor that was attached to Siebert’s reply to the
Commissioner’s opposition brief – that Siebert had not satisfied the requisites for a
preliminary injunction. Specifically, the court held that all that Siebert’s proffered
evidence established – for purposes of a preliminary injunction – was a general
challenge to the three-drug protocol, not an as-applied challenge. Thus, he had not
demonstrated a substantial likelihood that he would eventually prevail on the
merits. Whether Siebert could ultimately prevail on his as-applied challenge would
have to await further proceedings, perhaps a trial on the merits.1
6
This not a case to which applies the “strong equitable presumption against
the grant of a stay where a claim could have been brought at such a time as to
allow consideration of the merits without requiring entry of a stay.” Nelson v.
Campbell, 541 U.S. 637, 650, 124 S. Ct. 2117, 2126, 158 L. Ed. 2d 924 (2004).
Although the State possesses a “strong interest in enforcing its criminal judgments
without undue interference from the federal courts,” Hill v. McDonough, ___ U.S.
___, 126 S. Ct. 2096, 2104, 165 L. Ed. 2d 44 (2006), it was an abuse of discretion
for the district court to refuse to enjoin the execution based solely on its opinion
that Siebert’s briefs and his proffer of evidence, at the preliminary injunction stage,
were deficient. The court effectively recognized that the claim alleges facts that, if
true, establish a right to relief, as evidenced by its refusal to dismiss Siebert’s asapplied
§ 1983 claim. Combined with the court’s finding of timeliness, this
recognition necessitated the grant of a postponement of the execution to enable the
court to exercise its jurisdiction and to permit discovery, an evidentiary hearing,
and a decision on the merits of Siebert’s constitutional claim. In this respect, this
case is analogous to a pre-1996 habeas corpus proceeding in which the district
court or court of appeals has issued the petitioner a certificate of probable cause to
appeal. In such circumstances, the “petitioner must then be afforded an
opportunity to address the merits, and the court of appeals is obligated to decide
7
the merits of the appeal.” Barefoot v. Estelle, 463 U.S. 880, 893, 103 S. Ct. 3383,
3395, 77 L. Ed. 2d 1090 (1983)). Accordingly, “where necessary to prevent the
case from becoming moot by the petitioner’s execution,” the courts “should grant a
stay of execution pending disposition of an appeal when a condemned prisoner
obtains a certificate of probable cause on his initial habeas appeal.” Id.
Accordingly, I conclude that the balance of the equities here dictates that the
State’s interest in timely enforcement of a death sentence must yield to further
consideration of the merits of Siebert’s claim that the three-drug protocol, as
applied, would violate his constitutional rights.
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